🚀 [Day 23] to부정사 & 동명사 총정리 – to V / Ving 구별 핵심 공식

2025.10.16 - [영어 시험준비/토익 파트5 연습] - ⚙️ [Day 22] 능동태 & 수동태 완전정리 – be + p.p. / get + p.p. / have + p.p. 구별 공식

⚙️ [Day 22] 능동태 & 수동태 완전정리 – be + p.p. / get + p.p. / have + p.p. 구별 공식

복습퀴즈

✅ Correct answer: ② is cleaned

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🔍 Explanation (English)

• The sentence describes a regular action done to the office (the office doesn’t clean itself).
• Therefore, we need the passive voice in the present tense:
  👉 is cleaned = “is cleaned by someone (every morning).”

So the correct sentence is:
✅ The office is cleaned every morning.
= Someone cleans the office every morning.

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Option analysis:
1️⃣ cleans ❌ — active voice; would mean The office cleans something, which makes no sense.
2️⃣ ✅ is cleaned — present passive; correct for a regular action done by others.
3️⃣ was cleaned ❌ — past tense; would mean every morning in the past, not now.
4️⃣ has cleaned ❌ — present perfect active; subject “The office” cannot do the cleaning.

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🇰🇷 한국어 해설

정답은 ② is cleaned 입니다.

• 문장은 “사무실이 매일 아침 청소된다”는 뜻으로,
  누군가에 의해 행해지는 동작이므로 수동태(passive voice) 를 사용해야 합니다.
• 현재의 반복적인 사실이므로 현재시제 수동태(is cleaned) 가 맞습니다.

보기 설명:
1️⃣ cleans → “사무실이 청소한다”는 말이 되어 말이 안 됨 ❌
2️⃣ ✅ is cleaned → “청소된다” (현재 수동태) ✔
3️⃣ was cleaned → “청소되었다” (과거시제) ❌
4️⃣ has cleaned → “청소해 왔다” (능동태, 주어가 청소자여야 함) ❌

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👉 올바른 문장:
The office is cleaned every morning.
→ 그 사무실은 매일 아침 청소된다.

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🚀 [Day 23] to부정사 & 동명사 총정리 – to V / Ving 구별 핵심 공식

시리즈: 토익 Part 5 완전정복 | 부정사·동명사편

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✅ 1️⃣ 기본 개념

 

형태	예시	의미
to + 동사원형	to eat, to go, to study	“~하기 위해”, “~하는 것”
동명사 (V-ing)	eating, going, studying	“~하는 것” (명사 역할)

둘 다 “~하는 것”이지만, 앞에 오는 동사나 표현에 따라 쓰임이 다름이 핵심입니다.

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✅ 2️⃣ to부정사 vs 동명사 기본 구별표

 

구분	to부정사 (to V)	동명사 (V-ing)
의미	미래지향 / 목적	과거경험 / 일반행위
예시	I decided to go.	I enjoy going.
느낌	“앞으로 할 일”	“지금까지 해온 일”

💡 기억법:

“미래” 느낌이면 → to V
“현재/습관” 느낌이면 → V-ing

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✅ 3️⃣ to부정사만 목적어로 쓰는 동사 (미래의지 그룹)

 

대표 동사	예시 문장
want	I want to go home.
hope	She hopes to meet you.
plan	They plan to expand the business.
decide	We decided to leave early.
expect	He expects to get a promotion.
agree	She agreed to help me.
refuse	He refused to answer.
promise	I promised to call back.
manage	He managed to finish on time.
fail	They failed to complete the task.

💡 공식:

‘의지·계획·희망·결심’ → to V

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✅ 4️⃣ 동명사만 목적어로 쓰는 동사 (습관·경험 그룹)

 

대표 동사	예시 문장
enjoy	I enjoy reading books.
avoid	He avoids eating junk food.
finish	She finished cleaning the room.
mind	Do you mind opening the window?
suggest	He suggested going out.
consider	She considered moving abroad.
deny	He denied breaking the window.
keep	They keep working late.
postpone	We postponed meeting again.
quit / stop	He stopped smoking.

💡 공식:

‘즐기다·피하다·끝내다·제안하다·고려하다’ → V-ing

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✅ 5️⃣ 둘 다 가능한 동사 (의미 달라짐 그룹) — 완전판

 

동사	to부정사 사용 시 의미	동명사 사용 시 의미	예문
remember	앞으로 할 일을 기억하다	과거에 한 일을 기억하다	✅ Remember to lock the door. ✅ I remember locking the door.
forget	앞으로 할 일을 잊다	과거에 한 일을 잊다	✅ He forgot to call her. ✅ He’ll never forget meeting her.
stop	~하기 위해 멈추다	~하는 것을 멈추다	✅ He stopped to smoke. ✅ He stopped smoking.
try	~하려고 노력하다	시험삼아 ~해보다	✅ He tried to open the door. ✅ He tried opening the window.
regret	~하게 되어 유감이다	~한 것을 후회하다	✅ We regret to inform you that… ✅ He regrets saying that.

💡 한 줄 요약 공식:

• 미래 / 아직 안 한 일 → to부정사 (to V)
• 과거 / 이미 한 일 → 동명사 (V-ing)

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✅ 6️⃣ 전치사 뒤에는 100% 동명사!

 

전치사	예시
about	I’m thinking about moving.
of	I’m tired of waiting.
in	She is interested in learning English.
for	Thank you for helping me.
without	He left without saying goodbye.

💡 시험 팁:

전치사 보이면 무조건 → V-ing

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✅ 7️⃣ 형용사 뒤 to부정사 패턴

 

패턴	예문
be ready to	He is ready to start.
be eager to	She is eager to learn.
be willing to	I’m willing to help.
be likely to	It’s likely to rain.
be afraid to	He is afraid to ask.
be sure to	Be sure to call me.

💡 형용사 + to부정사는 “감정·의지·가능성” 표현에서 자주 나와요.

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✅ 8️⃣ 예제 문제

(1) She decided ____ abroad next year.
① going ② to go ③ to going ④ go

(2) I enjoy ____ to classical music.
① listen ② to listen ③ listening ④ listened

(3) He stopped ____ his shoes.
① polish ② to polish ③ polishing ④ to polishing

(4) Thank you for ____ me.
① help ② helping ③ to help ④ helped

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✅ 9️⃣ 해설

(1) decide → to부정사 → ✅ ② to go
(2) enjoy → 동명사 → ✅ ③ listening
(3) stop → 둘 다 가능 (뜻 다름) → ② to polish (닦기 위해 멈춤)
(4) 전치사 for 뒤 → 동명사 → ✅ ② helping

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✅ 🔟 복습 퀴즈

Choose the correct answer:
He suggested ____ earlier next time.
① to come ② coming ③ come ④ to coming

👇 댓글로 정답 남겨주세요!
(정답은 [Day 24]에서 공개 🎯)

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📘 다음 편 예고

👉 [Day 24] 관계사 총정리 → Day 25 관계부사 완전정리 (where / when / why / how)
– 문장 완성·삽입 문제에 자주 나오는 핵심 구조 💡

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🏷️ 태그

#토익Part5 #토익문법 #to부정사 #동명사 #동사패턴 #Ving #toV #토익RC #토익공부법

 

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2025.10.16 - [영어 시험준비/토익 파트5 연습] - 💥 [Day 24] 관계사 총정리 — who / which / that / what / whom / whose 완벽 구별

💥 [Day 24] 관계사 총정리 — who / which / that / what / whom / whose 완벽 구별